管壳式换热器由壳体、传热管束、管板、折流板(挡板)和管箱等部件组成。壳体多为圆筒形，内部装有管束，管束两端固定在管板上。进行换热的冷热两种流体，一种在管内流动，称为管程流体;另一种在管外流动，称为壳程流体。为提高管外流体的传热分系数，通常在壳体内安装若干挡板。挡板可提高壳程流体速度，迫使流体按规定路程多次横向通过管束，增强流体湍流程度。换热管在管板上可按等边三角形或正方形排列。等边三角形排列较紧凑，管外流体湍动程度高，传热分系数大;正方形排列则管外清洗方便，适用于易结垢的流体。

　　By the shell tube heat exchanger, heat transfer tube bundle, tube plate, baffleplate (damper) and tube box and other parts. Many for cylindrical shell, internalwith bundles, both ends fixed on the tube plate. Two fluid on heat transfer ofheat and cold, a pipe flow, known as the fluid passes; Another outside the pipeflow, known as the shell side fluid. In order to improve the heat transfer coefficient,outside the pipe fluid several baffles are generally installed in the shell. The shell side of the damper can improve the fluid velocity, forcing fluid according to the rules distance horizontally through the tube bundle for many times,increasing the extent of fluid turbulence. On the tube plate heat exchange tube can be sorted by an equilateral triangle, or square. Equilateral triangle arrangement is more compact, tube fluid turbulent degree is high, the heat transfer coefficient of points; A square array is outside the pipe cleaning convenient, suitable for easy scaling of the fluid.